ATS轉(zhuǎn)換柜的應(yīng)用

The application of ATS conversion cabinet

供配電系統(tǒng)的要求：

Power supply and distribution system requirements:

4.1在 ATSE裝置前需設(shè)置隔離電器

4.1 in the ATSE device before setting electrical isolation

自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器是由開關(guān)與轉(zhuǎn)換控制器及傳動機構(gòu)（微型電機或電磁操作機構(gòu)）組合而成的機電一體化帶機電連鎖的開關(guān)電器，適用于一級負荷及二級負荷的供配電系統(tǒng)中常用電源與備用電源的自動轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)范對配電系統(tǒng)的要求，一級負荷及二級負荷配電系統(tǒng)應(yīng)采用雙電源供電末端自動互投，按其使用性質(zhì)自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器通常安裝在配電系統(tǒng)最后一級的配電箱、柜的進線側(cè)（市電．發(fā)電機主備型除外）。根據(jù)《低壓配電設(shè)計規(guī)范》 GB50054—95第 2.1.3條當維護、測試和檢修設(shè)備需斷開電源時，應(yīng)設(shè)置隔離電器。第 2.1.6條隔離電器可采用下列電器：

Automatic transfer switching equipment is composed of a switch and switch controller and a transmission mechanism ( micro motor or an electromagnetic operating mechanism) a combination of mechanical and electrical integration with electromechanical interlocking switch electrical appliances, applied to a load and load two power supply system used in the power supply and the backup power automatic switching. According to the specification of the requirements of power distribution system, a load and two load distribution system should adopt the dual power supply terminal automatic mutual throwing, according to the nature of their use of automatic transfer switching equipment is usually installed in the power distribution system the final level of distribution box, cabinet line side (electric motor main type of exception. ). According to the" code for design of low voltage" GB50054 - 952.1.3when the maintenance, testing and maintenance of equipment required to disconnect the power, should set the electrical isolation. Article 2.1.6electrical isolation may adopt the following appliances:

）單極或多極隔離開關(guān)、隔離插頭；

Monopolar or multipolar ) isolating switch, isolating plug;

）插頭與插座；

Plug and socket );

）連接片；

Connecting piece );

）不需要拆除導(dǎo)線的特殊端子；

Do not need to remove the lead ) special terminal;

）熔斷器。

Fuse ).

《通用用電設(shè)備配電設(shè)計規(guī)范》 GB50055.93第 2.5.1條隔離電器的裝設(shè)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：

" Code for design of electric equipment of" GB50055.932.5.1isolated electrical installation shall comply with the following provisions:

）每臺電動機的主回路上應(yīng)裝設(shè)隔離電器，當符合下列條件之一時，數(shù)臺電動機可共用一套隔離電器：共用一套短路保護電器的一組電動機；由同一配電箱（屏）供電且允許無選擇地斷開的一組電動機。

) each motor main loop should be installed with electrical isolation, when meets the following conditions at the time, several motor can share a set of electrical isolation: a set of short-circuit protective device of a group of motor; by the same distribution box ( screen ) power supply and allows no choice to open a group of motor.

）電動機及其控制電器宜共用一套隔離電器。符合隔離要求的短路保護電器可兼作隔離電器。

) motor and its control appliances should share a set of electrical isolation. Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation can be used as electrical isolation.

）隔離電器宜裝設(shè)在控制電器附近或其他便于操作和維修的地點。無載開斷的隔離電器應(yīng)能防止無關(guān)人員誤操作。

Electrical isolation should be arranged ) control electrical appliances near or other convenient operation and repair locations. No load disconnecting the electrical isolation should be able to prevent the irrelevant personnel misoperation.

現(xiàn)行國家標準《低壓電器基本標準》中，已將低壓空氣式開關(guān)（刀開關(guān)）、隔離開關(guān)、隔離器、熔斷器式開關(guān)、熔斷器式隔離器等隔離電器；低壓斷路器標準中亦列入了隔離型。

The present national standard" the basic standard for low voltage apparatus", has low voltage air switch ( switch ), isolating switch, isolator, fuse switch, fuse isolator and other electrical isolation; low-voltage circuit breaker standard also included isolation.

根據(jù)以上規(guī)范及標準的相關(guān)要求，在配電系統(tǒng)中自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前端應(yīng)設(shè)置隔離電器。

According to the above regulations and standards requirements, in the power distribution system in the automatic transfer switching equipment front-end should set the electrical isolation.

4.2自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器是否可作為隔離電器使用

4.2automatic transfer switching equipment can be used as electrical isolation

根據(jù)自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器的定義，自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器是由一個（或幾個）轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器和其他必需的電器（轉(zhuǎn)換控制器）組成。用于檢測電源電路，并將一個或幾個負載電路從一個電源自動換接至另一個電源的開關(guān)電器。從自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器的定義可以看出，自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器應(yīng)用在電氣系統(tǒng)中主要目的是在一、二級負荷緊急供電系統(tǒng)中，檢測被監(jiān)測電源（兩路）的工作狀態(tài)，當被監(jiān)測的電源發(fā)生故障時，將負載電路從一個電源換接至另一個電源，以保證供電的連續(xù)性，確保重要負荷連續(xù)可靠運行。目前自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器有二段式和三段式兩種，二段式自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器開關(guān)主觸頭僅有兩個工作位 (正常電源位及備用電源位)，這種自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器轉(zhuǎn)換動作時間較快；三段式自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器開關(guān)主觸頭有三個工作位，（正常電源位、備用電源位及零位），零位時主觸頭處于空檔，因為設(shè)置了零位，三段式自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器轉(zhuǎn)換動作時間較慢，三段式自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器設(shè)置 “零位 ”的主要作用是當負載為高感抗或大電機負載時，為避免沖擊電流做暫態(tài)停留之用，而非用于負載維修時隔離之用。另一方面，自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器自身也有檢修和維護的可能，所以帶零位的三段式自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器不宜兼做隔離電器，為滿足維修問題需要隔離時，應(yīng)在自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前單獨設(shè)置隔離電器。

According to the definition of automatic transfer switching equipment, automatic transfer switching equipment is composed of a ( or several ) switch electrical appliances and other necessary appliances ( controller ). For the detection of power supply circuit, and one or several load circuit from a power supply automatic switching to another power switch electric appliance. From the automatic transfer switching equipment definition as you can see, automatic transfer switching equipment application in the electrical system the main purpose is to load one or two emergency power supply system, power supply ( two ) detected by monitoring the working state, when the monitored power failure occurs, the load circuit from a power supply is switched to another a power supply, in order to guarantee the continuity of supply, ensure continuous and reliable operation of the important load. The automatic transfer switching equipment have two section and three section two, two section type automatic conversion switch electrical switch main contact only two working position ( normal power supply and standby power level ), the automatic transfer switching equipment switching moves faster; three section type automatic conversion switch electrical switch main contact three work, ( normal power, standby power and zero ), zero when the main contact is in neutral, because the set of zero, three section type automatic transfer switching equipment switching action time is slower, three section type automatic transfer switching equipment sets the" zero" is mainly used when the load is high inductance or motor load, in order to avoid the impact current transient residence purposes, rather than for the load when the isolation of repair. On the other hand, automatic transfer switching equipment also have their own repair and maintenance, so the band zero three section type automatic transfer switching equipment is not as electrical isolation, in order to meet the need for isolation repair problems, should be in the automatic transfer switching equipment before a separate set of electrical isolation.

4.3自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前是否需設(shè)置短路保護電器

4.3automatic transfer switching equipment whether it is necessary to set short circuit protection apparatus

在配電系統(tǒng)中選擇 CB級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器時，只要求自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器的開關(guān)執(zhí)行斷路器選擇正確，即低壓斷路器符合下列條件：

In the power distribution system in the selection of CB automatic switch electrical appliances, only automatic transfer switching equipment switching executive circuit breaker selection is correct, i.e. low voltage circuit breaker meet the following conditions:

）低壓斷路器額定分斷電流（有效值）大于該處的預(yù)期最大短路電流值（有效值）；

) low-voltage circuit breakers rated breaking current ( effective value) is greater than the maximum expected short-circuit current ( effective value);

）低壓斷路器選型與上下級出線回路低壓斷路器選型配合滿足配電保護選擇性要求。配電箱、柜內(nèi) CB級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前端可只設(shè)置隔離電器或隔離開關(guān)，不必再設(shè)短路保護電器。

Low voltage circuit breaker selection ) and on the lower level outlet circuit of low voltage circuit breaker selection to meet with requirements of power distribution protection selectivity. Distribution box, cabinet CB automatic switch electrical appliance front end can be set only electrical isolation or isolating switch, do not have to set short circuit protection apparatus.

PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器只有電源轉(zhuǎn)換功能，沒有短路及過載保護功能。額定電流小于等于 250,4的 PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器，額定短時耐受電流有效值（ 1s）一般在 5kA.12kA左右；額定電流大于 250A小于等于 630A的 PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器，額定短時耐受電流有效值

PC automatic switch electrical power conversion function only, no short-circuit and overload protection function. Rated current less than or equal to 250,4PC automatic switch electrical appliances, rated short-time withstand current effective value (1s ) generally about 5kA.12kA; rated current is greater than 250A less than or equal to 630A PC automatic switch electrical appliances, rated short-time withstand current effective value

（1s）一般在 13kA，25kA左右。由于以下因素在配電箱、柜內(nèi) PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前端須設(shè)置短路保護電器：

(1s ) in 13kA, about 25kA. Because of the following factors in distribution box, cabinet level PC automatic transfer switching equipment shall be provided in front of short-circuit protective device:

1）雖然 PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器有一定的承受短路電流的能力，但沒有切斷短路電流的能力，其前端需要設(shè)置短路保護電器；

1) although PC automatic transfer switching equipment must have the ability to withstand short circuit current, but did not cut off the short circuit current capacity, its front end need to set short circuit protection apparatus;

2）此外還應(yīng)考慮設(shè)置隔離電器的要求。綜合以上因素在配電箱、柜內(nèi) PC級自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前端應(yīng)設(shè)置

2) shall also be considered set isolated electrical requirements. The above factors in distribution box, cabinet PC automatic switch electrical appliance front end should be set

符合隔離要求的短路保護電器。符合隔離要求的短路保護電器有：

Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation. Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation:

）熔斷器；

Fuse );

）熔斷器式開關(guān)；

Fuse switch );

）熔斷器式隔離器；

Fuse isolator );

IEC947.3隔離標準要求的隔離型低壓斷路器。

The IEC947.3 isolation standard isolation type low voltage circuit breaker.

《低壓配電設(shè)計規(guī)范》 GB50054.95第 4.1.2條規(guī)定 “配電線路采用的上下級保護電器，其動作應(yīng)具有選擇性；各級之間應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)配合。但對于非重要負荷的保護電器，可采用無選擇性切斷?！备鶕?jù)以上規(guī)范要求，采用雙電源供電的配電系統(tǒng)，當雙電源末端自動互投配電箱、柜內(nèi)有多路一級負荷或二級負荷出線回路時，其自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)電器前設(shè)置的熔斷器或隔離型低壓斷路器均應(yīng)與配電箱、柜內(nèi)出線回路低壓斷路器之間有選擇性配合。

" Code for design of low voltage GB50054.95"" specified in article 4.1.2distribution line using the upper and lower protection electric appliance, the action should have selectivity between levels should be coordinated. But for the important load protection of electrical appliances, can use without selective cutting." According to the above requirements, using dual power supply distribution system, when the double power supply terminal automatic mutual throwing power distribution box, cabinet with multiplex a load or load two outgoing line circuit, the automatic transfer switch is arranged in front of the fuse or isolation type low voltage circuit breaker shall be with the electrical distribution box, cabinet outlet circuit of low voltage circuit breaker are selective coordination.

綜上所述， ATSE構(gòu)成了低壓配電系統(tǒng)中對重要負荷供電的備自投方式，在設(shè)計和選用上必須將其下端發(fā)生故障的可能性考慮在內(nèi)。PC級 ATSE的開關(guān)本體是負荷開關(guān)，它只能通斷用電設(shè)備的負荷電流。因此，選用 PC級 ATSE，應(yīng)采取的措施是在其上端裝設(shè)斷路器并設(shè)跳閘閉鎖。CB級 ATSE具有通斷短路電流的能力，我國有關(guān)設(shè)計規(guī)范對高壓備自投裝置的基本要求可為 ATSE標準所借鑒，在常、備電源均為市電的條件下， CB級 ATSE也應(yīng)能延時動作（轉(zhuǎn)換）并只動作一次，以有利于對重要負荷的連續(xù)供電，提高系統(tǒng)可靠性?！斑^電流電器脫扣， ATSE將不能轉(zhuǎn)換 ”應(yīng)只針對 PC級 ATSE。對于 ATSE可否兼作隔離電器的問題，目前而言 CB級可以， PC級不可以。由于 ATSE本身有維修之需，一般都應(yīng)加裝隔離電器。

In summary, ATSE formed in the low voltage distribution system for important load power supply from the vote, in selection and design must be lower the probability of accidents into account. PC ATSE of the switch body is load switch, it can only be on-off electrical equipment load current. Therefore, choose PC ATSE, measures should be taken in its upper end breaker tripping and latching device. CB ATSE has on-off circuit current capacity, China's relevant design code for high voltage automatic switching device for basic requirements of ATSE standard reference, in ordinary, power supply for electric conditions, CB ATSE should also be able to delay action ( conversion ) and one operation, to have for the important loads of continuous power supply, improves the reliability of the system. " Current electrical tripping, ATSE will not convert" should only for PC ATSE. For ATSE could used as electrical isolation problem, now CB can, PC can not. ATSE itself as a repair needs, generally should be installed electrical isolation.